Tuesday, 31 March 2020

Primary Research and Brief

- Getting in contact with women about sport and conducting primary research to develop the practical side of this brief has been difficult 
- Need to define what exact outcome there will be through ensuring it matches the essay conclusion and primary research 





BRIEF 



Brief title / working title
Deconstructing Hegemonic Masculinity; The Role of Sport in its Perpetuation, How Sexism is Sustained Through Sport and a Look into the Solution for Making It a More Equal Playing Field.

Rationale:
Project description and purpose.
What is the problem?
How are you proposing to engage with it?
Sport is unfairly dominated by men and it is reflected and exacerbated in the media.
Sport can be made a more equal playing field through more publicity around women’s sports and fitness. Girls also need to be encouraged to engaged in sport. All of these work together to be a solution to the problem.

AIM To encourage change in the general perspective towards sport being a ‘man’s’ thing, by creating something that creates more publicity around sport being for women as well as men.  

What type of graphic design solution is being proposed? Outputs?
(1)  Publicity Items and
(2)  Sporting Event Goods
Eg.
(1)  Keychains, Posters, Canvas Bag, Mug (Extras)
(2)  Flags, Scarfs, Water Bottle, Towel (for games)

= Physical Designs which would be publicised on social media etc.
= Items themselves would promote women’s sports and a more equal perspective on sport
= Publicity around items would ensure this
References.
What other real world examples exist?
Industry / design context.
Kate Morross women’s football Nike Lionesses’ patches
Alphabet Studio Eurovolley Rebrand

Target audience?
= Everyone in changing perspectives towards sport
= All classes, genders and age ranges should be targeted to ensure this change is widespread  
= Depending on the outcome decided through primary research this could change to more specifics

Research activities?
= Interview range of women (from those who do sport to those who don’t)
= Find out how they feel towards the sport climate between the different genders
= Which different physical and digital options for this brief do they feel would be most effective?

Suggest 3 initial ideas / solutions

 1. Create outcomes for girls in schools to encourage more confidence and positivity towards engaging in sports, package given to them. Encourages involvement in younger years. 
2. Neutral Redesign of  a sporting event for both genders, or more neutral packages given to both boys and girls in schools. Encourages more equal perspective in both boys and girls at young age. 
3. Designs around an upcoming women's sporting event that promote women and sport 


Format/Production Considerations.
Techniques, processes, materials, events, campaigns etc.
- Laser cutting for keychains
- Sticker printing for water bottles 
- Lots of physical creations that won't be accessible during Covid situation 
= Mock ups of these 

- Important that the outcome gets publicity as this is the central solution to the issue discussed in the essay 
- Social Media set up, evaluation on how it could be applied in the physical real world eg. posters put up 
eg. group meetings with young people at schools to give these packages to 




Questions to Women 
CHARLIE (23 years old) - semi-interested in sport culture but very interested in fitness and sport for personal gain

ANNA (20 years old) - loves sport culture but doesn't engage with sport or fitness personally 
OLIVIA (20 years old) - semi-interested in sport culture but more interested in fitness for personal gain
SUE (50 years old) - not interested in sport culture but keeps active for personal gain 

(1) CHARLIE: 

ME: 



So I’m thinking of designing something/ a collection of things that will encourage women to engage in sport and contribute to the overall developments in sport being less of a ‘man’s’ thing
I’m thinking either some form of package with a range of things that could be given to girls at schools or uni to encourage excitement and confidence about engaging in sport and fitness. This could include a flag/towel, scarf, canvas bag, bottle, key chain, mug etc
Or if posters around the subject would be more beneficial? Or both? I don’t have loads of time so your opinion on what would be the best would be amazing x
Also I’m not sure if I should 1. Create this for girls in schools to promote involvement and publicity in younger years 2. More neutral designs for girls and boys to promote equality in sport 3. Designs around upcoming women’s football/tennis to create publicity

CHARLIE:

i think 2nd option of more neutral is more fitting with the current political climate of feminism and also gender atm

Targeting younger years with something more tangible is also important - posters are easy to miss and not pay attention to, whereas if a young person is holding something and using it the design will be longer lasting. 

You should focus on strength, both mental and physical, in whatever subject you end up doing 

I prefer the female aesthetic because it's more eye catching and rememberable. 

ME:

Is it because of the style or because it spoke to you as a woman? 

CHARLIE:

I think both. It got me more excited. I didn't understand what the neutral one was trying to show. 

CHARLIE CONCLUSION:
= Personally preferred female power aesthetic, but a less in your face female power approach would be more appropriate 
= Tangible outcome for young people to use and hold to make lasting impact 

(2) ANNA: 

Anna
I love watching sports, it’s the excitement and unpredictability of it all, anything can happen and every game is so different that you don’t really get bored of it, even if a game isn’t too exciting on the whole, the result or one players performance will stand out and mean something in the general scheme of it. It also has a large sense of community as the fans all have a common ground even if they support different teams, it provides something to talk about and debate over especially as it runs basically all year round so there’s always new developments and news. I also feel it puts you through such a range of emotions that other things like movies or music doesn’t 

The first idea of a package for younger girls is the most appealing to me.

Wait is the point to get people involved in women’s sport or women involved in participating in sport?

Mel 
The conclusion I found was that publicity around women in sport and campaigns to encourage girls and women to get involved in fitness were the solutions to ensuring sport becomes more equal between the genders 

Anna 
The third idea is most appropriate then and I like that one too. 

I’d say part of the problem is the fact there’s no money in women’s sports so they don’t see it as a career path therefore don’t pursue it 

It’s stuck in a cycle I guess because people don’t watch it as much as men’s sport because it isn’t at the same standard but that’s because they don’t get enough funding and investment which won’t come unless more people watch it 

Mel 
Which aesthetic stands out more to you, a very female orientated power aesthetic or more of a gender neutral one? 

Anna 
Female power one

ANNA CONCLUSION 
= Initially drawn to package for younger women and girls in schools 
= Following recognition that publicity is one of the most essential solutions, agreed that a product or design that celebrates and promotes upcoming womens sporting event was more appropriate 
= Female power aesthetic preferred 

(3) OLIVIA: 


Melanie:
So I’m thinking of designing something/ a collection of things that will encourage women to engage in sport and contribute to the overall developments in sport being less of a ‘man’s’ thing
I’m thinking either some form of package with a range of things that could be given to girls at schools or uni to encourage excitement and confidence about engaging in sport and fitness. This could include a flag/towel, scarf, canvas bag, bottle, key chain, mug etc
Or posters around the subject
As someone who engages in fitness and enjoys the sport culture what products or ideas do you think would be most beneficial
Olivia:
I would suggest if there’s a gym on site at unis for that to be published to people if they join some sort of team they can have some sort of special membership. As for like a good bag thing I would suggest like free socks of what ever sport there in has to wear that’s free (cus sometimes you have to buy the kit yourself will be good to get a freebie especially if it’s a new sport to them they have something for training too). Defo a bottle and maybe a towel too would be a good idea. If you was to speak to girls would be good to get a representative at the unis (women) of the sport like football and rugby to explain how it’s not unusual for girls to play etc. With a woman speaker of that particular sport
Melanie:
I think I might have communicated badly
But I’m terms of what I said, in general to improve the overall perspective of sport being a male dominated sphere, what’s the best way out of the options I’ve given that you think equality in sport could be achieved
Do you think we should tackle it in younger people at schools, and then make it specific to girls or to both boys and girls
More female orientated design with female power for girls or more neutral design for both girls and boys
Olivia:
I think to both boys and girls so boys arnt judgy to girls. But a bit more to girls
Melanie:
I see you like the idea of creating sport products that are female power vibes though like towels and bottles
Olivia:
Start at school defo. The earlier the better
Melanie:
But I could also create something to create publicity around an upcoming women’s sport event
Olivia:
That’s sounds good
Melanie:
If you were younger just getting into fitness and sport, what would make you more confident about sport being for women
Just one it’s not a big project
To see a publicity around a women’s sport event
Or to be given a package that promotes sports for women
Olivia:
Idk tbf cus I’ve always done sport since I was young. You’d have to ask that to someone who has only just got into
Okay so publicity in the schools mag let’s say of u promoting what the school has to offer with girls sport u could put in like previous girls from the school, that now are into sport you could say started from being at school
I could ask my friend who still does netball from since we was in year 5 from primary your questions see what she says
Gymshark as a brand I would say is very high on the girl branding. So if u can’t suck them in from the sport u might get a bonus with the fashion too
Gymshark is both male and female but I would say it’s a lot more popular with female
Melanie:
If I’m using fashion as a way to get women to sport that only exacerbates the problem


The notion that women will only be involved in sport if it’s about appearance

OLIVIA CONCLUSION:
= 'Female power' aesthetic over gender neutral 
= Places emphasis on the young people needing to be targeted
= Change starts from younger people, they need to be at the forefront of this project's outcome 
= Socks for a package for younger people if this is chosen as the outcome (although these aren't very visible so not sure this would be effective) 

(2) SUE:

Sport is highly competitive. 
Massive sporting events and winning in these promoted an interest in the sport in every target audience. 

Huge upsurge in interest where the nations team is winning. So creating publicity for upcoming women’s sport is more appropriate than a package to be given to students in schools. 

Eg. Olympic held in London British teams did well. Government created grass root sporting programs as a result of the success of the nations sporting people in the Olympics. 

[sees Kate Morross designs as example]

This design aesthetic doesn't appeal to me. But it is important to recognise that younger people are at the forefront of change, and so if you have to choose a specific target audience for a product, younger people is the best solution. 

Show girly power design and gender neutral design to younger women and ask what these different women prefer in a visual style. 

SUE CONLCUSION: 
= Emphasis on creating a product that creates publicity around and celebrates upcoming women's sporting event (either rugby or tennis) 
= Target audience specifically should be younger audience 

OVERALL CONCLUSION

1.  Creating something that celebrates and creates publicity and excitement around an upcoming womens sport event is the most effective and appropriate way of contributing to the development of womens sport getting more coverage = more fans = more pay = more equality 

2. Women will most likely always show a preference for female orientated design. Getting boys interested and excited about women's sport is also important, and so their opinion will need to be taken into account when deciding the aesthetic.

3. Target audience needs to be a younger audience = forefront of change 

4. WHAT IS THE OUTCOME? 

Olivia showed a dislike for the flag idea, and instead wanted products made for girls that were female powered aesthetic 
Creating a flag is an appropriate direction however as they can be placed in windows, hung up on walls in student rooms, taken to the games, and the designs could be applied onto other items. 
This makes it both tangible and an outcome that can be placed around to create more of a presence and therefore publicity. 
Badges could be made for an additional tangible element (?)




Friday, 20 March 2020

Practical

= What do I want to create now that I have completed the essay?
= Important solutions mentioned in essay 
1. Importance of campaigns for women and girls in sport and fitness
2. Increase in Marketing and Promotion towards women's sport 

I could...
= Create outcomes that promote fitness/sport for women, which could be part of helping create visual change 
    (t-shirts, posters, informative zine, badges, sport kit merchandise etc.)
= What would girls/women want in a product in which these values could be presented? 

SPORT MERCHANDISE 

- Flag/ Towel 
- Scarf
- Bag (canvas) 
- Bottle 
- Key Chain/ Fridge Magnet 
- Mug 







= Need to do this primary research = ask women who engage in sport and fitness to see what they would like to get them involved 
= or maybe it's more about engaging with those who wouldn't get involved in sports easily without this push in positivity and confidence
= With the time frame I have to be realistic 
= Wouldn't be able to make a huge change with young girls and women in encouraging them to be more active and get into sports with things such as key chains 
= But it could add to the confidence of women that already play and contribute overall to this female positive sport aesthetic 

= Could a package be created involving a range of items to promote this?
= Could this package be linked to a womens sporting event coming up as a form of celebration and cause for purchase and engagement with the target audience? 

9 May: Football - Women's FA Cup final at Wembley

Women’s Twenty20 World Cup, 21 February – 8 March, Australia






Monday, 16 March 2020

SOLUTIONS RESEARCH

https://www.feminist.org/research/sports/sports10.html

Strategies for Change

Gender equity will not happen by itself we have to work for it and speak out against discrimination. The following are some strategies you can use to bring about gender equity in athletics. The strategies are organized in general from the least time and energy consuming to the most. Everything you can do will help.
STRATEGY 1: Support Women's and Girls Sports
You can support women's athletics at any age. Participate in sports yourself. Attend women's and girls' sporting events. Earmark university contributions for women's athletic programs. Do not be taken in by stereotypes that negate women's athletic abilities and deride women who perform well in sports. Coach, athlete, fan and fundraiser are all roles that can build confidence and initiative, and promote women's leadership.

STRATEGY 2: Join a Women's Rights Organization
Title IX and other advances for women in athletics were won through feminist organizing. You can join (or organize) a feminist organization in your school, university, or town. Sponsor programs on Title IX and gender equity, and call attention to policies that unfairly disadvantage women and girls in the sports arena. National Girls and Women in Sports Day, the first Thursday in February, is a great day to plan activities.
See the "Resources" section for national women's rights and women's sports organizations to join.
STRATEGY 3: Challenge the Myths
Stereotypes unchallenged are stereotypes accepted. Familiarize yourself with the myths and point out the discrepancies between myth and reality about women and girls in sports. Arm your- self with the facts provided earlier in the "Exploding the Myths" section.

STRATEGY 4: Speak Out Against Gender Inequity
Remember, You're in the Majority! Breaking the silence has a tremendous impact. It puts women's issues at the forefront of everyone's mind and identifies them as legitimate topics to be addressed.
At every opportunity-- in meetings, at conferences, and in the classroom -- point out inequalities in women's athletics. Don't hesitate: feminists are the majority. In a 1986 Newsweek/Gallup poll, 71% of the women surveyed believe the women's movement has improved their lives. Three years later, a Time magazine poll found that 81% think the movement is still improving their lives.
With such data, it is clear that women's issues are supported and should be addressed by those in athletics.
STRATEGY 5: Encourage Other Women and Girls
Your visibility to women just starting out in athletics can make a critical difference in their future. Invite women and girls to informational meetings about athletics and the wonderful things they have to offer. Encourage them to see themselves as players, coaches-whatever role they would like to play. Offer advice on how they can get their athletic careers started and where to go for more information.

STRATEGY 6: Push for Gender Equity Policies
Gender equity in athletics applies to three basic areas: participation opportunities, athletic financial aid, and all other athletic benefits and opportunities.
Encourage local, state, and national policy makers to take steps towards ending gender bias by promoting and reinforcing gender equity policies and practices in the Department of Education, federal education programs, and in educational funding and research. Write to the Office of Civil Rights, your members of Congress, your Governor, and members of your state legislature to let them know you want gender equity enforced.
STRATEGY 7: Speak out Against Homophobia
The silence and fear that goes with a climate of homophobia is harmful to all women. Speak out against anti-gay jokes or comments. Push your athletics department to adopt policies that prohibit discrimination against lesbians and gays. And take action when you think someone was fired for being a suspected lesbian (of course, check with that person first and work with her in planning what to do).
STRATEGY 8: Publicize Discrimination at your School or University
Is your school, university, or college in violation of Title IX, the federal law that prohibits gender discrimination in education, including athletics? To find out, answer the following three questions:
  • Are men's and women's athletic programs funded in proportion to the percentage of men and women students?
  • Are opportunities for participation for women and men athletes proportional to enrollment?
  • Is there an unmet need for a varsity women's sport (such as a club sport whose members want to upgrade to a varsity sport)?
If you can prove that participation is not proportional, and that there is an unmet need for more women's sports, and/or if you can prove that the funding is not proportional, your school is in violation of Title IX. Bring this up with the athletics administrators (who no doubt are already aware of it), and ask them what measures they intend to take to correct the inequity. Be sure to let them know about the numerous successful lawsuits women athletes and coaches have brought against schools in violation of Title IX.
Starting in 1996, colleges and universities will be required to disclose funding and participation statistics to anyone who asks, thanks to the Moseley-Braun/Kennedy Amendment to the 1994 Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
Beyond talking to the athletics administrators, you can also meet with college presidents and faculty concerning gender equity issues and the present status of your institution, and place articles or write letters to the editor in school papers discussing facts about Title IX, your school in particular, and your feelings about the discrimination.
You might also want to read up on sex discrimination or contact women's organizations for information on not only how to recognize discrimination but also on how to counter it effectively.
STRATEGY 9: Develop a Media Strategy
The media is vital to creating change. Never hesitate to contact the media and make them aware of actions, workshops, or other activities. Encourage reporters to cover women's athletics in your area. Local radio and TV talk shows should also be encouraged to devote programs to women's athletics.
Support women sports reporters and media coverage of women's sports. Similarly, you can call the media to task when they do not cover women's sports or do not have female reporters.
STRATEGY 10:Consider Legal Alternatives
Sometimes, despite the best efforts to correct a problem, the only recourse is to take legal action. Thus far, legal action and the threat thereof have been largely responsible for advances toward ending discrimination against women and girls in sports.
If you have been a victim of sex discrimination in athletics, try to settle your grievances with the institution personally; if your attempt is not successful, immediately contact the Office of Civil Rights at the U.S. Department of Education, and work through the regional office of the state in which the alleged discrimination occurred. Another option is to go to a private lawyer; either way, if Title IX violations are found and not remedied, the next step is to file suit.
The National Women's Law Center has a booklet entitled Breaking Down Barriers: A Legal Guide to Title IX, by Ellen J. Vargyas, which gives Title IX basics, remedies, and individual actions in Title IX athletic cases, and selected Title IX practice issues. Another helpful book is Playing Fair by the Women's Sports Foundation. Addresses and phone numbers are in the "Resources" section.
(Empowering Women in Sports, The Empowering Women Series, No. 4; A Publication of the Feminist Majority Foundation, 1995)

Production Problems

As looking for alternative printing methods was the only way to produce the outcomes physically, the sticker pages were created and sent off...